神戸大学附属図書館デジタルアーカイブ
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https://doi.org/10.24546/00181201
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2024-03-29
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00181201 (fulltext)
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メタデータID
00181201
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open access
出版タイプ
Version of Record
タイトル
市場経済と計画経済 : 情報と流通の役割
シジョウ ケイザイ ト ケイカク ケイザイ ジョウホウ ト リュウツウ ノ ヤクワリ
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The Role of Information and Distribution in Market and Planned Economies
著者
著者名
酒井, 泰弘
Sakai, Yasuhiro
サカイ, ヤスヒロ
所属機関名
神戸大学大学院国際協力研究科
収録物名
国際協力論集
巻(号)
2(2)
ページ
71-89
出版者
神戸大学大学院国際協力研究科
刊行日
1994-12
公開日
2007-04-12
抄録
This paper is concerned with the role of information and distribution in market and planned economies. There were once famous controversies on feasibility of economic calculation m socialist countries. Among participants were Ludwig von Mises, Frank A. Hayek and Oskar Lange. It is remarkable to see that the controversies were carried out with little reference to information and distribution. The purpose of this paper is to mend such a common fault, thus proposing a new viewpoint of the comparison of market and planned economies. The 20th century is the century of socialism. We have witnessed the rise and fall of the Soviet Union, the first socialist country in world history. However, we have yet to theoretically answer the question of why the Soviettype command economy is doomed to break down. As the proverb goes, saying is one thing but doing is another. Although the "perestroika" reform that was strongly advocated by former President Mikhael Gorvachev, its economic policies were not drastic enough to change a course toward economic collapse. Capitalism may be regarded as the complex of highly-developed market economy and multi - party democracy, and socialism as the complex of command-type planned economy and one - party rule. Whenever there is asymmetric information among economic agents, the problem of moral hazard and adverse selection is deeply rooted in human nature, and cannot be avoided. The degree of its real aggravation depends on the type of economic structure, however. In a socialist society which is characterized by centrally command economy and one - party rule, there exists an inherent tendency that people have no incentives to tell the truth and lazy workers squeeze out hard workers. Distribution looks like human blood. Merchants, meeting face to face with consumers, may have a significant advantage over producers in collecting and processing market information. Therefore, whenever the uncertainty is large and informational asymmetry exists between distributors and producers, the market economy may work better with the presence of distributive intermediation. In a marked contrast to a market economy, distributive channels are underdeveloped and distorted in a planned economy. In conclusion, a market economy performs much better than a planned economy. This is particulary so in the world in which informational flow is not perfect and distributive intermediation plays a vital role. It is no wonder that the Soviet-type command economy has collapsed.
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国際協力研究科
国際協力論集
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2巻
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2巻2号(1994-12)
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資源タイプ
departmental bulletin paper
言語
Japanese (日本語)
ISSN
0919-8636
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NCID
AN10418744
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関連情報
NAID
110000551466
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URI
http://www.research.kobe-u.ac.jp/gsics-publication/jics/
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