神戸大学附属図書館デジタルアーカイブ
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https://doi.org/10.24546/00181246
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2024-04-24
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00181246 (fulltext)
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00181246
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タイトル
東南アジアにおける 「ポスト緑の革命」 と農村就業構造の多様化
トウナン アジア ニオケル ポスト ミドリ ノ カクメイ ト ノウソン シュウギョウ コウゾウ ノ タヨウカ
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Post Green Revolution and Diversification of Non-Farm Works in Rural Southeast Asia
著者
著者名
北原, 淳
Kitahara, Atsushi
キタハラ, アツシ
所属機関名
神戸大学文学部
収録物名
国際協力論集
巻(号)
5(2)
ページ
31-59
出版者
神戸大学大学院国際協力研究科
刊行日
1997-11
公開日
2007-04-19
抄録
This paper discusses on the present new age of “post green revolution" and diversification of non-farm works under setback of the agricultural development,which peaked at the past “green revolution”, in Southeast Asian countries. Pure agriculturist approaches by most of Japanese researchers have not payed their proper attention to this important changing phase of rural Southeast Asian society by still narrowly confing their observation and analysis to the farming technology,production and marketing themselves. The rural people have,however,been changing from pure peasantry into workers of formal-and informal-sectors in both urban and rural areas, and Southeast Asia has presently faced with an ageof "the end of the peasantry" (R.E.Elson). The limited framework by agriculturists have not be able to catch up this new phase. Some foreign researchers rightly observed and appointed the growing importance of non-farming sectors in both urban and rural sectors for the peasantry since as early as 1970s, just when the upheaval of "green revolution" attracted most researchers' attention solely to the rice farming technology and production. Such pioneer researchers as C.Manning, G.Hart, A.Turton and B.White have payed their proper interest to the impact of farming sectors, especially, that of "green revolution" to non-farm sectors, and, reversively, the non-farm sectors' impact to farming sector. However,the more systematic discussions on the importance of non-farm works for the peasantry have been made just lately by such works as B.Koppel, J.Hawkins and W.James. The non-farm works have become so issential part of rural people's life that the peasantry have not been able to live without them, and that they have been changing into part-farmers by getting part of their income from such non-farm works. Java of Indonesia is a good case of development of diversified non-farm works,as it has experienced high population pressure from the early 20the century and the limited farming land has not been sufficient for such big population. However, such over populated situation was merely one of the preconditions, and the new phase of non-farm work diversification in its true sense just began during the Suharto regime of the 1970s, when the development of industrialization and the resultant urbanization gave its direct impact to rapid growth of rural non-farm works. In central Thailand case,this new phase seemed to begin in the 1980s, when the industrialization, hitherto concentrated to the urban areas, just began to be dispersed to provincial areas, and began to give their direct impact to growth of rural non-farm works in such typical cases as subcontract system between urban maker and rural subcontractor. We will give our tentative terminogy of “rural informal-sector" to this rural non-farm sector,as they seem to have go tvery similar to the so-called "informal-sector" in urban areas in terms of kind and volume of miscellaneous casual works. Our primary data from a central Thai village also show the background labor market structure for this "rural informal sector". Most of the workers belong to the middle and old aged (as well as housewives),because the young have been actually forced to resign from such formal sectors as factory at the age of later 30s or earlier 40s,and return to their home village. Usually their inherited farm land has already been sold out to urban speculators,and the agricultural income is comparatively too much unprofittable. If profittable, the old farm work has now changed too much hard and dirty for those who have enjoyed urban life. Rural development policy should take serious consideration of this situation of rural job diversification,and try to plan the creation of non-farm work chances in addition to the former proper agricultural policy.
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国際協力論集
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5巻
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5巻2号(1997-11)
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資源タイプ
departmental bulletin paper
言語
Japanese (日本語)
ISSN
0919-8636
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AN10418744
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110000551505
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http://www.research.kobe-u.ac.jp/gsics-publication/jics/
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