神戸大学附属図書館デジタルアーカイブ
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https://doi.org/10.24546/00317867
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2024-04-24
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00317867 (fulltext)
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メタデータID
00317867
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open access
出版タイプ
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タイトル
自由党体制の成立と崩壊 (1) : 韓国における最初の「権威主義的」体制
ロンセツ ジユウトウ タイセイ ノ セイリツ ト ホウカイ (1) : カンコク ニオケル サイショ ノ ケンイ シュギテキ タイセイ
その他のタイトル
The Rise and Fall of the Liberal Party (1) : The first ;Authoritarian Regime; in the Republic of Korea
著者
著者ID
A1692
研究者ID
1000050253290
KUID
https://kuid-rm-web.ofc.kobe-u.ac.jp/search/detail?systemId=0b222a4bf0fc27cc520e17560c007669
著者名
木村, 幹
Kimura, Kan
キムラ, カン
所属機関名
国際協力研究科
収録物名
国際協力論集
巻(号)
10(1)
ページ
147-166
出版者
神戸大学大学院国際協力研究科
刊行日
2002-06
公開日
2007-05-31
抄録
This study is intended to examine the process of the rise and fall' of the first “authoritarian regime" in the Republic of Korea, which was formed under 8yngman Rhee (李承晩) and the Liberal Party (自由党) from 1951 to 1960, and also to derive suggestiions in order to understand “authoritarianization" of newly-independent countries after the World War II. The first question of this study is to address and define the concept of the regime. The most characteristic quarity of this regime is the fact that this reglme was “authoritarianized" through the process of elections. At the elections of 1952 and 1954, the Liberal Party won by large margins. They had two advantages against their oppositions at these elections. The first advantage was their control of administration offices in local societies. Under the regime of 8yngman Rhee since 1948, the organizations of the Liberal Party were integrated with those of the local administration offices. At each election , the Liberal Party mobilized the organization to support their candidate. The mobilization of the organization was very effective in rural areas. After revelation from Japan in 1945, Korean local elites -most of them were landlords possessing connections with Japanese bureaucrats in the Japanese period -lost their own authorities in local societies. For these local elites , their official posts in local societies were the last sources from which they could get additional authority to keep their leaderships in local societies. So the Liberal Party was able to manipulate the local elites by taking advantage of their position as the government party. The Liberal Party was a typical “Administrative Party" . The second question of this study is to analyze why the regime of this kind of typical “Administrative Party" collapsed, when the organization was at the height of its development. Before the election of 1960, the organization of the Liberal Party was most developed and seemed very strong. Nevertheless, soon after the election, the regime of the Liberal Party and Syngman Rhee was brought down by university students who protested against the “corrupted election" by the Liberal Party. Of course, the straight answer explaining this event would be simple: The party cou1d not collect enough ballots in order to win the election , and instead tried to preserve the regime through illegal methods. However, the more important point to understand in this process is to look at why the regime was not able to collect enough ballots. An in-depth answer of this question is as follows. Originally, the Liberal Party was a party which was formed around their charismatic leader, Syngman Rhee, who possessed the great title of being the “founding father of the nation" . They won the e1ections by taking advantage of slogans such as "Party of the founding father" or “a candidate of the founding father" . However, in the second half of the 1950's , Syngman Rhee's charisma gradually declined. The loss of Yi Ki-pung (李起鵬), Syngman Rhee's running mate as a candidate for vice-president of the Liberal Party at the election of 1956, against Chang Myeon (張勉) clearly showed the downfall. The well-developed organization of the Liberal Party was the consequence of the 1956 election. However, the important fact is that despite their organization as an administrative party, the group was unab1e to recover the loss of the charisma of Syngman Rhee and unable to collect enough ballots to win at the next election. A suggestion from this study which we can derive is simple but important. Moreover, a well-developed organization of an administrative party is not enough for a party to win an e1ection. If the party tries to create an “authoritarian" position through e1ections , it must have something which is different from an organization. In the case of Korea between 1951 to 1960, it was the charisma of a founding father, Syngman Rhee.
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国際協力研究科
国際協力論集
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10巻
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10巻1号(2002-06)
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資源タイプ
departmental bulletin paper
言語
Japanese (日本語)
ISSN
0919-8636
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NCID
AN10418744
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NAID
110000587208
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URI
http://www.research.kobe-u.ac.jp/gsics-publication/jics/
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