00422736

open access

Version of Record

キハン カスケード ニオケル ヒョウバン セイジ チュウ ノ 1

The Reputation Politics of the Norm Cascade (II)

国際協力論集

13(2)

87-108

神戸大学大学院国際協力研究科

2005-11

2007-06-07

Some scholars have pointed out that the treaty norm cascade certainly occurred in the course of making the treaty for banning anti-personnel landmines， yet no one has described the exact shape of the cascade. In order to specify exactly when it started and how it unfolded， I have developed the method of measuring the political momentum of the certain political process. The Momentum is obtained by the amount measured by multiplying vector speed with the mass of an object. In applying this concept to a case study in political science， we can read the mass as the number of participants who participate in a political process， and the speed as the rate of increase of the number of actors per unit period. Therefore， a simple momentum can be measured by the ratio of new participants to the total participants， divided by the period in which the increase of participants occurred. Since the momentum can work as a political resource only if leaders and followers recognize it ， it is subjective in nature， and hence it is sometimes measured not only by the mass， but also by the weight of newcomers. In order to capture the subjective aspect of the momentum， we can measure it by taking the importance of each participant into account. If someone is deemed to have enough real or potential influence on the others concerned or on the result of the process， he/ she can be regarded as important. Indicators vary depending on the case， and with respect to the case of landmines， mine-affected countries， mine-exporting countries， and mine-producing countries can be good indicators of importance， because their participation to the treaty-making process could significantly raise the efficiency and legitimacy both of the treaty and of the process itself. Thus， the momentum of importance is measured by the indicators of importance that some participants hold. By using these measures， I found that the bulk of. new participants took place at the Second Resumed Session of the CCW Review Conference in 1996， which caused the cascade in the whole Ottawa Process. The momentum was steadily kept at a fairly high rate throughout the Process without any major upheavals or setbacks， with the heightened momentum from the Vienna Conference in February to the Brussels Conference in June 1997. It became clear that the Process has been the dominant course for resolving the landmine problem by the Brussels Conference. Contrary to the prevalent argument that the momentum heightened after the Brussels Conference， my results show that it turned out that the trend of the cascade was determined before Brussels， and the momentum rather weakened after that.

紀要論文