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https://doi.org/10.24546/00422764
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2024-03-29
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00422764 (fulltext)
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メタデータID
00422764
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open access
出版タイプ
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タイトル
「人間の安全保障」の政治的有用性に関する一考察 : カナダ政府を事例として
ニンゲン ノ アンゼン ホショウ ノ セイジテキ ユウヨウセイ ニ カンスル イチコウサツ カナダ セイフ オ ジレイ トシテ
その他のタイトル
The Political Utility of Human Security : The Case of the Canadian Government
著者
著者名
和田, 賢治
Wada, Kenji
ワダ, ケンジ
所属機関名
神戸大学大学院国際協力研究科
収録物名
国際協力論集
巻(号)
14(1)
ページ
77-98
出版者
神戸大学大学院国際協力研究科
刊行日
2006-07
公開日
2007-03-15
抄録
The purpose of this article is to use the concept of“political utility”to explain why and how the Canadian government has adopted“Human Security”not as a broad definition but as a narrow one. It is often said in policy studies that it is easy for policymakers to set up a clear policy goal and select the most effective means to achieve it when an issue is defined as narrowly as possible. This view is known as“policy relevance”. In fact, actual policymaking is always affected by politics. Political actors such as politicians, bureaucrats and interest-groups try to incorporate their own interests or beliefs in the policy process and to derive some political value from a policy. This is called as“political utility”in this paper. With regard to this view of the policy making process, one of the problems concerning“Human Security”is about its definition. “Human Security”was originally presented as a policy agenda in the“Human Development Reports”published by the United Nations Development Programme(UNDP)in 1994. UNDP defines“Human Security”as safety from various kinds of threats such as chronic poverty, disease, unemployment, environmental pollution, and repression. “Human Security”is also divided into two policy goals;“freedom from want”and“freedom from fear”. The latter mainly focuses on the protection of people in situations of internal conflict while the former emphasizes development agenda such as alleviation of economic disparities and reduction of poverty. Some policymakers claim“Human Security”to be the goal of their country’s foreign policy, but this is problematical because the concept is too ambiguous to provide the policymakers with a clear principle for prioritizing among many competing foreign policy issues. Therefore, they redefine“Human Security”focusing only on“freedom from fear”. This is called a narrow definition in comparison with abroad definition used by UNDP. The Canadian government is one of the most active promoters of the narrow definition, claiming it is more practicable as a policy instrument. It puts the focus of policy on the establishment of international norms and practical agenda to prevent armed conflict and to rebuild post-conflict governance structures. This article examines the policy process of Canada from 1994 to 2000. It shows how the concept of“political utility”with regard to financial reform, conflict of interest between departments and foreign minister’s interests or ambitions can be used to explain the positioning of“Human Security”within the entirety of Canadian foreign policy.
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国際協力研究科
国際協力論集
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14巻
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14巻1号(2006-07)
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資源タイプ
departmental bulletin paper
言語
Japanese (日本語)
ISSN
0919-8636
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NCID
AN10418744
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関連情報
NAID
110004727281
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URI
http://www.research.kobe-u.ac.jp/gsics-publication/jics/
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