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トランプ政権と聖域都市 : 「不法移民」をめぐる連邦政府と州、地方政府の攻防

The Trump Administration and Sanctuary Cities : Intergovernmental Disputes over Undocumented Immigrants

国際文化学研究 : 神戸大学大学院国際文化学研究科紀要

48

221*-245*

神戸大学大学院国際文化学研究科

2017-07

2017-08-18

This article traces the development of so-called “sanctuary cities” in the United States and shows the challenges that face sanctuary cities, especially focusing on the case of the city of San Francisco. There is no definite legal definition for sanctuary cities, but the word is used for those localities that have passed resolutions or ordinances to both ensure and assure undocumented immigrants within their jurisdictions that they will not be reported for federal authorities. U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement （ICE）, whose tasks include border protection and removal of undocumented aliens, estimates that there are more than 300 jurisdictions that have specific policies limiting cooperation on immigration enforcement. In an unconventional presidential campaign, Donald Trump kept criticizing undocumented immigrants and describing them as brutal criminals in his speeches. As he promised in the campaign, President Trump issued an executive order to stop subsidizing sanctuary cities unless they cooperate with ICE and other federal authorities, however a federal judge in San Francisco ruled that the executive order is unconstitutional. While Trump’s plan to cut off federal funding seems not to be constitutionally feasible, voters’ confidence in sanctuary policies is far from being stable. Opinion is always divided as to whether sanctuary cities should continue to refuse to cooperate with federal authorities even among liberal Californians. At the same time, sanctuary cities are more or less financially dependent on federal funding, therefore the fight against the Trump administration might pose financial and political risks for mayors and governors in the sanctuary jurisdictions.

紀要論文