81004638

open access

Version of Record

ダイガク ノ ザイセイ シゲン ブンパイ ニオケル シジョウ ト ソシキ コクリ ツダイガク ザイセイ ト シジョウ

Financing National Universities and the Market Mechanism

大學教育研究

07

21-33

神戸大学大学教育研究センター

1999-03

2014-04-25

PDFのページ数は1-13

Recently the introduction of market mechanisms into higher education is often mentioned, but rarely is it discussed in depth. Educators need to consider, however, the problems that this relationship may cause, and what it means for, higher education and academic research. This paper examines the meanings and functions of market mechanisms in financing national universities in postwar Japan. From an economic perspective, when there are social exchanges or transactions (goods, services, costs, information etc.), supply and demand have to be adjusted or coordinated. In a neoclassical market model, market mechanism is the only way for such coordination. But from economic approaches to organizations, organizations play important roles in coordinating exchanges. This is to say, supply and demand in social exchanges are coordinated by markets or organizations. From this framework this paper analyzes financial resource allocations to national universities. In the first section, markets and organizations as mechanisms for coordinating exchanges are introduced as the framework of analysis. In the second section, four types of exchange coordination related to higher education and academic research are presented. Next, the present methods of coordinating financial resource allocation in higher education and academic research are discussed. The structural changes of the financial resource allocation system in postwar japan's national universities are analyzed in the fourth section. Finally we discuss the present situation and its problems, especially the lack of analysis of organizations. The conclusions are as follows. The market mechanisms has been expanding gradually in the financial resource allocation of national universities in postwar Japan from the middle of the 1970s. And now the rapid introduction of market mechanisms is often talked about. But the markets which are claimed to be introduced seem to be often the internal markets organized by universities, governments and academic communities. Therefore we should consider how to organize markets (construct rules and especially evaluation systems) and how to amalgamate markets and organizations.

紀要論文