81004689

open access

Version of Record

ガクセイ ノ タヨウカ リュウドウカ ト ダイガク キョウイク アメリカ コウトウ キョウイク ノ ケイケンカラ

How to cope with the Diversity and mobility of students : Lesson learned from american experience

大學教育研究

11

23-34

神戸大学大学教育研究センター

2003-03

2014-06-30

In the United States, in which "universal access" to higher education has been achieved, higher education institutions have already diversified in terms of race, ethnicity, age, ability and cultural background. Universal access and the diversity of student body in higher education bring many under prepared students into universities. Unless the university provides enough learning support to them, many students leave the university or transfer to more appropriate university. But it is the university's responsibility ω take care of all students until they graduate. And the loss or attrition of students also means loss of money for the university，because student bring tuition and other financial resources to the university. Thus retention rate and graduation rate of the university is the good index of the quality of and the degree of the commitment to education of the university. Because "the students at risk" who most likely to leave the university are those who are under prepared, freshmen, minority, transfer and low commitment to the university, many American universities emphasize the First Year Program， which combines the academic support and organizational arrangement. In Japan, following the United States, higher education is almost universalized. The student body is gradually diversified, especially in terms of ability and motivation. As in the United States, unless the university effectively encourages and provides good education and support, many students， who once entered into the university, would leave and /or transfer other university. If the university could manage to recruit and retain enough number of students, it would be in trouble. To avoid this the university has to provide excellent learning support and to control of the quality of learning. Now t is the time for "true educational reform" at all universities in Japan

紀要論文