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https://doi.org/10.24546/00104142
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2024-05-04
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00104142 (fulltext)
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00104142
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出版タイプ
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タイトル
国際関係論における「ジェンダーの視点」の意義
ロンセツ コクサイ カンケイロン ニオケル 「ジェンダー」 ノ シテン ノ イギ
その他のタイトル
The Meaning of Taking a 'Gender Perspective' in International Relations
著者
著者名
アレキサンダー, ロニー
Alexander, Ronni
アレキサンダー, ロニー
所属機関名
神戸大学大学院国際協力研究科
収録物名
国際協力論集
巻(号)
9(3)
ページ
71-94
出版者
神戸大学大学院国際協力研究科
刊行日
2002-02
公開日
2007-05-30
抄録
In Japan, the idea of taking a gender approach to international relations is still quite new. The objectives of this paper are to introduce some of the terms and concepts necessary for a gender approach, and to demonstrate how a gender perspective differs from the more traditional perspectives generally taken in IR in Japan. The paper is composed of three main sections. The Prologue addresses some of the difficulties inherent in taking a gender approach. Part 1, 'The Implications of Taking a Gender Perspective' looks at some of the basic concepts necessary for a gender perspective and discusses some of the differences a gender perspective makes to the study of international relations. Part II is a small case study that examines the Culture of Peace concept from a gender perspective. This paper was first published in a very short form as a chapter of a book in Japanese entitled p,αrα digms 01 Internαtional Relαtions. In the time between publication of that chapter and publication of the present paper, the contradictions inherent in the idea of ‘gender' had become clear to the author. The first section of the present paper is thus an attempt to deal with some of those contradictions. The discussion focuses on the limitations of conceptuali-zations of sex and gender as dichotomies, rejecting the idea that all people fall into categories of either ‘women' or ‘men,' regardless of whether these categories are established on the basis of gender or on that of sex. The assertion is made that if these categories are to be used, the content should be based on personal choice, with recognition of the legitimacy of people who might reject both categories, and others who might choose both. If we are to have these kinds of categories, we must also establish new ones thereby increasing the number and range of choices. The rejection of ‘gender' as a dualistic category makes the discussion of a gender perspective in IR problematical. This question is resolved in the present paper by the recognition that regardless of who in fact comprises the category of ‘women,' the members of that category are subject to various restrictions on their freedoms, both personally and because of social factors that discriminate against, or exclude women. For this reason, it is meaningful to look at gender considerations, keeping in mind that there should be freedom in terms of who opts to be included in the categories of ‘women' and ‘men.' Having established a way to proceed without complete self-contradiction, the remainder of the paper looks at how ideas of gender can be worked into what is generally considered the ‘gender-free' field of international relations. Part 1 begins with a discussion of basic concepts such as sex, sexuality and gender. It then goes on to discuss the meaning of using a gender-sensitive lens to look at IR. Use of a gender-sensitive lens allows one to focus on gender concerns, identify gender concerns where they were not previously recognized and become aware of gender biases underlying supposedly ‘gender-free' or ‘gender-neutral' institutions. At the same time, focusing on gender, or on a particular aspect of gender, means that other aspects might become out of focus or blurred. The problem of stereotypes, dualities and gender invisibility are addressed in this section. Finally, the paper borrows from Peterson and Runyan (993) in looking at three aspects of IR that change when seen from a gender perspective. The first is the question of how normative concepts in IR such as power change with a gender perspective. The second deals with how the various phenomena chosen for study are selected and conceptualized. The third focuses on how international politics are carried out, and by whom, and relates this to gender hierarchies. Part II of the paper is a short case study on the idea of a culture of peace, as set forth by the United Nations in the Declaration on a Culture of Peace in 1997. The UN designated the year 2000as the International Year of the Culture of Peace and the first decade of the century as the International Decade of the Culture of Peace. This section looks at the Declaration from a gender perspective. While the Declaration calls for equality between women and men, examination from a gender perspective reveals the need to look at the way violence is conceptualized, both at a personal level , as well as that of society and the international community. Exploration of this idea reveals the way in which violence is a gendered concept, and suggests that in seeking formation of a culture of peace, it is necessary to address these gendered constructions of violence. In particular, changes in education, peace building and social participation are essential for the creation of a culture of peace. The paper concludes that while a gender perspective is certainly not the only possible perspective for IR, and is not necessarily the most appropriate perspective for all aspects of IR, it is useful in adding dimensions that have previously been invisible. It is asserted that a gender perspective is an essential element in the process of transformation toward a more equal and peaceful society.
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国際協力研究科
国際協力論集
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9巻
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9巻3号(2002-02)
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資源タイプ
departmental bulletin paper
言語
Japanese (日本語)
ISSN
0919-8636
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NCID
AN10418744
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110000587215
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